It could be a couple of things: 5v Digital Power supply - faulty, or one/multiple boards in the scanner is causing a short.
Easiest way to troubleshoot this without parts is to open the system up, and remove all of the RCV, SDL, XMT boards and try to boot the system on.
I'll upload some pictures into this thread shortly, that will go over how to remove the side panels and open the system.
Step 1 - Remove clamp at back holding side panel to system (you will need to do this for both side panels):

Step 2 - Remove clamp near the bottom front wheel(s), then pull side panel away from system:

Step 3 - Remove the screws holding the 128XP system closed:

Step 4 - Open system up like a book:

The RCV/SDL/XMT boards will be on the left side of the card cage, they are color coded by red, black, and green tabs.
To remove the boards from the system:

Lift board up:

Instead of pulling the boards entirely out of the system, you can use the locking tabs as 'armrests' for the boards. Simply unlock the board, lift up, then lay the locking tabs down in the locked positions, and let them rest on the metal card cage. This will keep the board from touching the pins on the motherboard, but allow you to keep them all in their proper order/location so you don't have to remember where they all go.
If pulling the boards out allows you to boot your system, then chances are one of those 32 boards is causing the problem. I would start by putting half back into the system, booting it up -- if it shuts down, take out the half you put in, and put in the other half.. repeat.
If all boards are pulled out and it still doesn't boot then you can try pulling out the MXK/XDY/APD boards on the right side of the scanner card cage.
Let me know what you're able to find and we can narrow down further.
Universal Diagnostic Solutions